鶹madou

Cardiometabolic Medicines Research

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Heart Kidney Medicines

Quality use of medicines and medicines safety is Australia’s 10th National Health Priority. Best-practice pharmacotherapy improves health outcomes for people with cardiovascular disease. However, all too often, people with cardiovascular disease are not accessing or adhering to evidence-based therapy. 

What we do

The Cardiometabolic Medicines Research Program, led by A/Prof Michael Falster, uses whole-of-population big health data to improve medicine use and outcomes for people with heart disease in Australia. 

We investigate treatment of conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, obesity, acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, as well as people who have recieved surgical interventions. A key focus is on novel therapies used for treatment of interconnected cardiovascular, metabolic and renal conditions – medicines such as GLP-1Ras (e.g. Ozempic, Mounjaro) and SLGT2is (e.g. Jardiance) which have significant clinical benefits, but a ‘chasm’ in best-practice use among people who would benefit the most.  

Our research helps ensure the clinical benefits of novel therapies are being realised in Australia - improving population health, and saving hearts, kidneys and lives.

Our multidisciplinary team have leading expertise in cardiometabolic health, pharmacy, advanced pharmacoepidemiologic methods, big data analytics (epidemiology, biostatistics, machine learning), and health policy. Some key areas of interest include:

  • Measuring population-level trends and disparities in best-practice medicine use and adherence
  • Identifying quality use of medicines at transitions of care (e.g. hospital to community care)
  • Evaluating the impact of policy interventions on medicine use and outcomes 
  • Understanding the impacts of multi-medicine use and polypharmacy
  • Measuring comparative effectiveness and rare outcomes of therapies
  • Exploring continuity and fragmentation of primary and multidisciplinary care

Our team

Associate Professor, Heart Foundation Future Leader Fellow Michael Falster
Associate Professor, Heart Foundation Future Leader Fellow
Senior Research Associate Tamara Milder
Senior Research Associate
Professor of Health Systems & Theme Principal, Health Systems Research Sallie Pearson
Professor of Health Systems & Theme Principal, Health Systems Research
Senior Biostatistician Joanne Carson
Senior Biostatistician

Our collaborators

  • The George Institute for Global Health
  • The University of Sydney
  • The University of South Australia
  • The Garvan Institute of Medical Research
  • St Vincent’s Hospital
  • Concord Hospital
  • International Centre for Future Health Systems, 鶹madou
  • National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, 鶹madou
  • Oxford University, UK
  • McGill University, Canada
  • University of Copenhagen, Denmark

Select grant and partnership funding

  • National Health and Medical Research Council
  • National Heart Foundation of Australia
  • NSW Ministry of Health
  • Centre for Research Excellence in Medicines Intelligence
  • 鶹madou Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine Theme 
  • NSW Cardiovascular Research Network

Select publications from our team

  • Journal articles | 2025
    • Lin J; Milder TY; Deakin CT; de Oliveira Costa J; Havard A; Neuen BL; Buckley NA; Brieger D; Greenfield JR; Jun M; Day RO; Pearson SA; Falster MO, 2025, 'Trends in use of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors among people with type 2 diabetes following hospitalisation with heart failure: A population-based study', Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 224, pp. 112242, 
    • Milder TY; Lin J; Pearson SA; Greenfield JR; Day RO; Stocker SL; Neuen BL; Falster MO; de Oliveira Costa J, 2025, 'Use of, time to, and type of first add-on anti-hyperglycaemic therapy to metformin in Australia, 2018–2022', British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 91, pp. 117 - 126, 
    • Milder TY; Lin J; Pearson SA; de Oliveira Costa J; Neuen BL; Pollock C; Jun M; Greenfield JR; Day RO; Stocker SL; Brieger D; Falster MO, 2025, 'Discontinuation of SGLT2i in people with type 2 diabetes following hospitalisation for heart failure: A cause for concern?', Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, 27, pp. 997 - 1000, 
    • Cox E; Gale J; Falster MO; de Oliveira Costa J; Colagiuri S; Nassar N; Gibson AA, 2025, 'Is the burden of diabetes in Australia underestimated? Comparison of diabetes ascertainment using linked administrative health data and an Australian diabetes registry', Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice,222,
    • Deakin CT; Costa JDO; Brieger D; Lin J; Schaffer AL; Kidd M; Pearson SA; Falster MO, 2025, 'Post-discharge pharmacotherapy in people with atrial fibrillation hospitalized for acute myocardial infarction: an Australian cohort study 2018-22', European Heart Journal - Quality of Care and Clinical Outcomes, 11, pp. 259 - 270, 
    • Milder TY; Milder DA; Kam PCA, 2025, 'Letter to the editor regarding multisociety clinical practice guidance – safe use of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in perioperative period', Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases, 21, pp. 695 - 696, 
    • de Oliveira Costa J; Lin J; Milder TY; Greenfield JR; Day RO; Stocker SL; Neuen BL; Havard A; Pearson SA; Falster MO, 2024, 'Geographic variation in sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist use in people with type 2 diabetes in New South Wales, Australia', Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, 26, pp. 2787 - 2795, 
    • Lin J; De Oliveira Costa J; Pearson SA; Buckley NA; Brieger D; Schutte AE; Schaffer AL; Falster MO, 2024, 'Impact of coordinated care on adherence to antihypertensive medicines among adults experiencing polypharmacy in Australia', Journal of Hypertension, 42, pp. 1248 - 1255, 
    • Neuen BL; Heerspink HJL; Vart P; Claggett BL; Fletcher RA; Arnott C; de Oliveira Costa J; Falster MO; Pearson SA; Mahaffey KW; Neal B; Agarwal R; Bakris G; Perkovic V; Solomon SD; Vaduganathan M, 2024, 'Estimated Lifetime Cardiovascular, Kidney, and Mortality Benefits of Combination Treatment With SGLT2 Inhibitors, GLP-1 Receptor Agonists, and Nonsteroidal MRA Compared With Conventional Care in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Albuminuria', Circulation, 149, pp. 450 - 462, 
    • Neuen BL; Ostrominski JW; Claggett B; Beldhuis IE; Chatur S; McCausland FR; Badve SV; Arnott C; Heerspink HJL; Jun M; Falster M; de Oliveira Costa J; Pollock C; Jardine MJ; Mahaffey KW; Perkovic V; Solomon SD; Vaduganathan M, 2024, 'Bidirectional Relationship Between Kidney Disease Progression and Cardiovascular Events in Type 2 Diabetes', Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 84, pp. 2246 - 2250, 
    • af Geijerstam P; Falster MO; Chalmers J; McLachlan AJ; Rodgers A; Schutte AE, 2024, 'Prescription and dispensing duration of medicines for hypertension and other chronic conditions: a review of international policies and evidence to inform the Australian setting', Hypertension Research, 47, pp. 2104 - 2114, 
    • Milder DA; Milder TY; Kam P, 2024, 'Preoperative GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Risk of Postoperative Respiratory Complications', JAMA, 332, pp. 170 - 171, 
    • Milder DA; Milder TY; Liang SS; Kam PCA, 2024, 'Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists: a narrative review of clinical pharmacology and implications for peri-operative practice (vol 79, pg 735, 2024)', ANAESTHESIA, 79, pp. 1138 - 1138, 
    • Kam PCA; Milder TY; Milder DA, 2024, 'Gastric ultrasound and mitigating risk of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists: a reply', Anaesthesia, 79, pp. 1133, 
    • Milder TY; Stocker SL; Baysari MT; Day RO; Greenfield JR, 2024, '‘We are somehow fixated on this being a diabetes drug’: a qualitative study exploring the views of cardiologists and nephrologists about sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor initiation', Internal Medicine Journal, 54, pp. 559 - 567, 
    • Tran DT; Falster MO; Pearse J; Mazevska D; McElduff P; Pearson S; van Gool KC; Hall J; Jorm L, 2024, 'The Australian Health Care 鶹madous trial: quality of care and patient outcomes. A propensity score-matched cohort study', Medical Journal of Australia, 220, pp. 372 - 378, 
    • Zoega H; Falster M; Gillies M; Litchfield M; Camacho X; Bruno C; Daniels B; Donnolley N; Havard A; Schaffer A; Chambers G; Degenhardt L; Dobbins T; Gisev N; Ivers R; Jorm L; Liu B; Vajdic C; Pearson SA, 2024, 'The Medicines Intelligence Data Platform: A Population-Based Data Resource From New South Wales, Australia', Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety,33,
    • Costa JDO; Lin J; Pearson SA; Buckley NA; Schaffer AL; Falster MO; de Oliveira Costa J, 2023, 'Persistence and Adherence to Cardiovascular Medicines in Australia', Journal of the American Heart Association, 12, pp. e030264, 
    • Falster MO; Garland SK; Jorm LR; Beiles CB; Freeman AJ; Sedrakyan A; Sotade OT; Varcoe RL, 2023, 'Editor's Choice – Comparison of outcomes for major contemporary endograft devices used for endovascular repair of intact abdominal aortic aneurysms', European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, 65, pp. 272 - 280, 
    • Lin J; Pearson SA; Greenfield JR; Park KH; Havard A; Brieger D; Day RO; Falster MO; de Oliveira Costa J, 2023, 'Trends in use of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) in Australia in the era of increased evidence of their cardiovascular benefits (2014–2022)', European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 79, pp. 1239 - 1248, 
    • de Oliveira Costa J; Pearson SA; Brieger D; Lujic S; Shawon MSR; Jorm LR; van Gool K; Falster MO, 2023, 'In-hospital outcomes by insurance type among patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions for acute myocardial infarction in New South Wales public hospitals', International Journal for Equity in Health, 22, pp. 226, 
    • Milder TY; Greenfield JR; Milder DA, 2023, 'Peri-procedural ketoacidosis risk with sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor use in people without diabetes', Anaesthesia, 78, pp. 1418 - 1419, 
    • Milder TY; Milder DA; Greenfield JR; Day RO, 2023, 'Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor-Associated “Ketoacidosis” Versus “Diabetic Ketoacidosis”: The Importance of Accurate Terminology', Drug Safety, 46, pp. 1303 - 1305, 
    • Garland SK; Falster MO; Beiles CB; Freeman AJ; Jorm LR; Sedrakyan A; Sotade O; Varcoe RL, 2023, 'Long-Term Outcomes Following Elective Repair of Intact Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms: A Comparison Between Open Surgical and Endovascular Repair Using Linked Administrative and Clinical Registry Data', Annals of Surgery, 277, pp. E955 - E962, 
    • Mao J; Behrendt CA; Falster MO; Varcoe RL; Zheng X; Peters F; Beiles B; Schermerhorn ML; Jorm L; Beck AW; Sedrakyan A, 2023, 'Long-term Mortality and Reintervention after Endovascular and Open Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repairs in Australia, Germany, and the United States', Annals of Surgery, 278, pp. E626 - E633, 
    • Robijn AL; Filion KB; Woodward M; Hsu B; Chow CK; Pearson SA; Jorm L; Falster MO; Havard A, 2023, 'Comparative effect of varenicline and nicotine patches on preventing repeat cardiovascular events', Heart, 109, pp. 1016 - 1024, 
    • Sotade OT; Falster MO; Pearson SA; Jorm LR; Sedrakyan A, 2023, 'Comparison of long-term outcomes of bioprosthetic and mechanical aortic valve replacement in patients younger than 65 years', Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 166, pp. 728 - 737.e13, 
    • Falster MO; Schaffer AL; Wilson A; Nasis A; Jorm LR; Hay M; Leeb K; Pearson SA; Brieger D, 2022, 'Evidence-practice gaps in P2Y12 inhibitor use after hospitalisation for acute myocardial infarction: findings from a new population-level data linkage in Australia', Internal Medicine Journal, 52, pp. 249 - 258, 
    • Schaffer AL; Chia J; Brett J; Pearson S; Falster MO, 2022, 'A nationwide study of multimedicine use in people treated with cardiovascular medicines in Australia', Pharmacotherapy The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy, 42, pp. 828 - 836, 
    • Milder T; Stocker S; Baysari M; Day R; Greenfield J, 2022, 'Prescribing of SGLT2 Inhibitors in Clinical Practice: A Qualitative Study of Cardiologists', Heart, Lung and Circulation, 31, pp. S96 - S97, 
    • Sotade OT; Jorm LR; Kushwaha VV; Yu J; Sedrakyan A; Falster MO; Pearson SA, 2022, 'Post-Discharge Antithrombotic Therapy Following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation in Australian Patients', Heart Lung and Circulation, 31, pp. 1144 - 1152, 
    • Sotade OT; Pearson SA; Jorm LR; Kushwaha VV; Sedrakyan A; Falster MO, 2022, 'Changing Practice: Procedural Volume of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation by Age and Funding in New South Wales, 2002–2018', Heart Lung and Circulation, 31, pp. e17 - e19, 
    • De Oliveira Costa J; Pearson SA; Elshaug AG; Van Gool K; Jorm LR; Falster MO, 2021, 'Rates of Low-Value Service in Australian Public Hospitals and the Association with Patient Insurance Status', JAMA Network Open, 4, pp. e2138543, 
    • Milder T; Stocker S; Baysari M; Day RO; Greenfield J, 2021, 'Prescribing of SGLT2 Inhibitors in Primary Care: A Qualitative Study of Primary Care Physicians and Endocrinologists', DIABETES,70,
    • Falster MO; Charrier R; Pearson SA; Buckley NA; Daniels B, 2021, 'Long-term trajectories of medicine use among older adults experiencing polypharmacy in Australia', British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 87, pp. 1264 - 1274, 
    • Falster MO; Buckley NA; Brieger D; Pearson SA, 2020, 'Antihypertensive polytherapy in Australia: Prevalence of inappropriate combinations, 2013-2018', Journal of Hypertension, 38, pp. 1586 - 1592, 
    • Milder TY; Day RO; Stocker SL; Greenfield JR, 2020, 'Should the cardio-protective properties of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors dictate therapeutic decision-making in patients with type 2 diabetes', Internal Medicine Journal, 50, pp. 645 - 646, 
    • Milder TY; Stocker SL; Day RO; Greenfield JR, 2020, 'Potential Safety Issues with Use of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors, Particularly in People with Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease', Drug Safety, 43, pp. 1211 - 1221, 
    • Sotade OT; Falster M; Girardi LN; Pearson SA; Jorm LR, 2020, 'Age-stratified outcomes of bioprosthetic and mechanical aortic valve replacements in an Australian cohort of 13 377 patients', BMJ Surgery, Interventions, and Health Technologies, 2, pp. e000036,